Objective

Understand the basics of web core technologies - HTML, CSS and JS - and how these work together to render websites in browsers.

This is a quick grounding on a core technology area, and something that CS students should know.

We will quickly go over some basics (and hopefully you have some exposure), and then dive deeper into JS and frontend design patterns in later labs.

Introduction

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the language that provides the structure for websites.
CSS (Cascading Stylesheets) is a language specification that helps define the presentation of a markup language like HTML.
Finally, JS (Javascript) is the high-level language that enables interactivity for websites.

HTML

A very, very simple basic HTML template.



<html> 
<head>
  <title>Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Hello World!</h1>
</body>
</html>

Hopefully you have seen this before.

HTML 2

A quick selection of tags you should know:

Paragraphs: <p>
Headings: <h1> to <h6>
Ordered and unordered lists: <ul>, <ol> and <li>
Links: <a href="...">
Images: <img src="...">
Divs and spans: <div> and <span>

Other useful ones: iframe, table, form, etc.

Resource: W3schools

Resource: HTML.com

CSS

Sample CSS code snippet:


/* this are classes */
.term-grid {
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: auto;
  color: #222;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
  padding: 1em 0;
}

.term-grid label:first-child {
  text-align: right;
}

/* this is an id */
#helloWorld {
  color: #fff;
}

CSS 2

Some basic things that CSS can specify:

Colors, backgrounds, borders
Basic box model: margins, paddings, height, width, overflow
Images, media, forms styling
Fonts styling
Transformations - translations, rotations, etc.
Interface properties: visibility, hidden, hover, etc.
Layout: flexbox, grid

Resource: W3schools

CSS 3

Things you should know:

Specifying selectors: By class, id, attribute, etc. (here's a list)
Cascade and inheritance. Basically a later rule overwrites earlier ones, and a tag can inherit various rules (more details)
Data types, especially specifying units. Most common: px, em (more details)
Debugging: code inspector (use Chrome)

CSS 4

Responsitivity: Because you want the code to work across multiple form factors.

Sample media query CSS code on div class:


/* If the screen size is 601px or more, set font-size to 80px */
@media (min-width: 601px) {
  div.example {
    font-size: 80px;
  }
}

/* If the screen size is 600px or less, set font-size to 30px */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  div.example {
    font-size: 30px;
  }
}

Other useful responsive tags: grid, flexbox

Javascript

JS is everywhere. Originally used for website client-side page behavior, its popularity has led to it being used on backend tech stacks / frameworks like node.js.

JS is a multi-paradigm mix and match of functional, object-oriented and procedural language.

Comprehensive Resource: javascript.info

JS 2

Things you should know:

Conditionals, loops, variables, functions
Objects, data types, arrays
Basic debugging. Console.log is your friend!

JS 3

Eventually you will touch on these in JS, so good to know:

Will be covering parts of this in lab 3.

Scoping, function binding, callbacks
JSON
Anonymous functions, arrow notation
Ajax / fetch and Error handling (try / catch)
Promises, async /await
Recursion, classes

DOM

The Document Object Model (DOM) is the data representation of the objects that comprise the structure and content of a document on the web.
The backbone of HTML is tags, and every tag is an object in the DOM.
Nested tags are children of the enclosing one.
All these objects are accessible using JS, and we can use these to modify the page.
For example you can access the body tag with document.body

Resource: DOM nodes

Resource: Walking the DOM

Assignment

Lab 2: Favourite YouTube Video

Assignment Lab 2: Setup

To be completed by 28-09-2020(Mon) 2359hrs

Fork the repo https://github.com/csc2005/csc2005-lab02-2020 for lab2
In the forked repo create a basic index.html file, and make it visible on GitHub repo pages (it's under the settings tab, under GitHub pages).
This repo link will be of the format https://<username>.github.io/csc2005-lab02-2020
You can put your CSS style tags, HTML and JS script code into one file, or organize them into files/directories.
Check that the site is published and visible!

Assignment Lab 2: Problem

In the index.html page, embed your favourite YouTube video in the centre of the page and centralize it.
Add a heading and paragraph on why it is your current favourite YouTube video.
Use CSS to style the page, demonstrating at least one use of class and/or id specification.

Assignment Lab 2: Extra Challenge

Use a font of your choice from an external resource like Google font.
Add a background of your choice (e.g. tiled images, gradient, etc.).
Make sure that the site looks okay whether on desktop on mobile. Write at least one simple media query. Or use grid/flexbox.

Assignment Lab 2: Screenshot

To prevent copying code, here's a screenshot of my solution:

Assignment Lab 2: Comments

This is a not a design challenge - you will not be graded on design.
You can achieve the above in multiple ways in the frontend, e.g. for centralizing you can use transform(translate), margin, vw / vh specifications, grid/flexbox, or even JS calculations.
As long as you can demonstrate you know basic HTML /CSS, I am fine with this. You do not need to use JS in this assignment, but you can choose to use this if needed.

Questions?

Chi-Loong | V/R

CSC2005: Lab 2

Intro to HTML, CSS and JS